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Traditional Indian Foods that boost your Immunity.

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

Traditional Indian Foods that boost your Immunity.

As the weather changes, you may have noticed that each one your health concerns just flare-up. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, normal cold, flu, and lots of such infections have started increasing gradually. At such times, it's vital to stop the spread of such infections.The saying, "prevention is healthier than cure", makes boosting our system more important now than ever!Interestingly, a majority of Indian kitchens are full of immunity-boosting ingredients that just have to be explored by you.1. TurmericThe yellow-colored Indian spice is that the star of each Indian spice box. Right from healing wounds to curing dangerous internal diseases like cancer, turmeric is thought to cure almost anything, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, turmeric helps in boosting immunity.Effective Ways to Consume Turmeric:•      Mix it in an exceedingly glass of hot milk and have it daily•      Mix it with lemon and water, have it sort of a healthy drink 2. Tulsi (Holy Basil)Tulsi does wonders, acts as a resistance booster, and keeps infections treed. The holy basil leaves extract increases the T helper cells and natural killer cells activity, boosting the system.Effective Ways to Consume Tulsi:•      Consume Tulsi leaves directly•      Add it in tea and/or tea leaf while brewing•      Add it in kadha (an Ayurvedic drink) while brewing.3. GarlicGarlic contains a compound called alliin that helps the system fight germs. Studies suggest that garlic must be chewed, crushed, or sliced to provide allicin, which is believed to allow garlic its immune-boosting properties.Effective Ways to Consume Garlic:•      Garlic works best if we eat raw garlic on an empty stomach•      Garlic must be properly crushed or chopped and utilized in various dishes4. JaggeryEvery Indian home encompasses a bottle stuffed with jaggery (gur) stored in its kitchen. The natural sweet ingredient could be a rich source of zinc and selenium that help in preventing free-radical damage caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, jaggery is rich in minerals, antioxidants, and other nutrients, that help to keep the body warm and boost immunity.•      You can eat jaggery after meals daily to enhance your digestion further•      Jaggery will be added in hot milk, tea, and/or desserts•      You may also consume jaggery turmeric together, it helps clear the throatAlong with these immunity-boosting foods, other fruits and vegetables must be consumed within the day-to-day diet. Moreover, it's important to remain hydrated, exercise daily for a minimum of 20 to half-hour, have a correct 7-8 hour sleep, and distress yourself by meditating, practicing yoga, and so on.  

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Published - Tue, 24 May 2022

Best Food for healthy Digestion

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

Best Food for healthy Digestion

The system breaks food down into nutrients and energy that the body will use. Some styles of food, together with vegetables and food, will facilitate this method of digestion. Eating sure styles of food or creating abrupt changes to the diet may result in issues with digestion. In some folks, biological process issues will cause symptoms including: bloating gas constipation diarrhea nausea vomiting heartburnAs shortly as food enters the body through the mouth, the method of digestion begins. The body step by step moves it through the system, that breaks the food down into smaller, additional useable components. Various foods will facilitate at totally different stages of this method. for instance, some aid digestion within the abdomen, whereas others support the intestines. Fiber is crucial to biological process health generally. If someone isn't wont to ingestion fiber usually, it's best to extend fiber intake slowly, beginning with soluble fiber like from oatmeal, apples, and bananas. Add around one serving of fiber to the diet each 4–5 days. Increasing fiber intake too quickly may be dangerous for digestion. Drinking many waters is additionally necessary, because it combines with fiber and adds bulk to stool. Specific foods that area unit sensible for digestion include: Foods containing ginger Ginger may be a plant which will scale back bloating and different biological process issues. Dried ginger powder is a wonderful spice for flavourer meals, and someone may use slices of ginger root to form tea. Choose a top-quality ginger root powder for flavourer meals. For tea, select contemporary ginger root for the simplest results. Unsaturated fats  It additionally combines with fiber to assist encourage gut movements. Plant oils like oil area unit a decent supply of unsaturated fats. Always consume fats sparsely. For associate adult following a pair of,000-calorie-per-day diet, for instance, fat intake mustn't exceed seventy-seven grams daily.  Vegetables with skin  Vegetables area unit wealthy in fibre, that is a very important nutrientfor digestion. Fiber stimulates the bowels to maneuver stool out of the body. The skins of vegetables area unit usually wealthy in fiber, and it's best to consume them whole. Some vegetables with skin wealthy in fiber embrace potatoes, beans, and legumes. Fruits Many fruits are wealthy in fiber. They additionally contain vitamins and minerals that area unit sensible for digestion, like vitamin C and metal. For example, apples, oranges, and bananas area unit nourishing fruits that might facilitate with digestion. Whole-grain foods Whole-grain foods even have a high fiber content that aids digestion.The body breaks down whole grains slowly, that helps management blood glucose levels. Many whole grain foods area unit accessible, together with rice and quinoa.  Yogurt Many foods product contain probiotics. These area unit live microorganism and yeasts which will have advantages for the system.  Kefir  Kefir may be a hard milk drink that's filling and contains probiotics. As mentioned on top of, these might promote higher digestion and gut health. Leafy inexperienced vegetables  Leafy inexperienced vegetables area unit filled with nutrients that area unit useful for digestion.  According to a piece within the journal Nature Chemical Biology, these vegetables additionally contain sulfoquinovose. this can be a sugar which will feed healthful microorganism within the abdomen, thereby promoting digestion.  What to avoid?Eating too quick might hamper digestion. Although most foods area unit fine to consume sparsely, some don't seem to be as useful for digestion. Some foods and drinks increase the danger of bloating, heartburn, and looseness of the bowels. samples of these sure supply include: ·        artificial sweeteners, like sugar alcohols ·        carbonated beverages or sugar sugared drinks ·        refined carbohydrates, like light bread·        alcohol milk or chocolate ·        foods high in saturated fats, like cheese and cream ·        coffee and different drinks containing caffein·        spicy foods, like some styles of curry ·        greasy foods, like pizza pie  Some habits may hamper digestion. These embrace ingestion too quick and lying down in real time when ingestion. The body may take longer to digest giant meals, which can be problematic for a few folks. to reinforce digestion, it's best to eat many tiny meals rather than one giant one. However, everyone’s biological process systems vary. for instance, some folks might have food intolerances and allergies, whereas others don't. A doctor might advocate that folk with biological process issues like these keep a food diary. this will facilitate establish foods and drinks that trigger biological process problems.  Most foods that enhance digestion area unit wealthy in nutrients like fiber. samples of fiber-rich foods embrace vegetables and whole grains. Some folks vulnerable to biological process problems might enjoy ingestion smaller meals, furthermore as intense a healthful quantity of fiber and avoiding any trigger foods. If biological process issues persist when creating these changes, it's best to examine a doctor for recommendation and treatment. associate underlying medical condition like irritable gut syndrome might be touching digestion.

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Published - Tue, 24 May 2022

HOW TO COPE WITH ANXIETY?

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

HOW TO COPE WITH ANXIETY?

Anxiety isn't a problem of itself. It’s a protective biological response to danger, which increases heart rate and breathing while pumping oxygenated blood to your muscles, anchors as your body prepares to fight or flee. While anxiety symptoms vary, you've probably experienced physical and emotional distress signals like panicked breathing, heart pounding in chest, difficulty sleeping, feelings of dread, or even worry loops. That's perfectly normal. Anxiety can be brought on by a number of factors. Rather, it's usually the result of a combination of factors relating to your personality, upbringing, and life circumstances. An accurate diagnosis is necessary for any health issue. Anxiety disorders include the following:Phobias: intense fears of a specific animal, insect, object, or situation.Panic disorder: Panic attacks are intense, heart-pounding episodes of fear, breathlessness, and dread.Social anxiety disorder: Anxiety in social situations or when called upon to perform in front of others, such as in public speaking, is known as social anxiety disorder.Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): six-month pattern of excessive worry about a variety of issues on most days. Anxiety symptoms vary depending on the disorder, but most anxiety disorders include several symptoms. Feeling light-headed or dizzy, sweating or feeling hot, increased heart rate, panic attacks, gastrointestinal problems, rapid breathing or hyperventilation, nausea or a painful stomach, aches and pains in your body, insomnia, and changes in sex drive are all physical symptoms. Feeling nervous, irritable, or tense, low mood and depression, a sense of impending danger or fearing the worst, constant worrying, needing reassurance from others, and feeling like everyone is watching you, depersonalization (a type of disassociation in which you don't feel connected to yourself and feel as if you're looking in from the outside), de-realization (a type of disconnection in which you believe the world isn't real or that you aren't connected to it) are all mental symptoms.  Anxiety can be effectively treated by making lifestyle changes (such as skipping alcohol-caffeine, Eating healthy-balanced meals, exercising regularly, and avoiding medicines or substances that might cause anxiety symptoms), Distracting yourself with friends, family, or hobbies; Mind-body approaches (such as deep breathing, meditation, mindfulness, and techniques to ease muscle tension and promote calm); Psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy); A combination of approaches is frequently the most effective. Anxiety can be effectively managed by combining medication with CBT or exposure therapy to strengthen coping skills and retrain the brain.

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Published - Wed, 25 May 2022

How to control high B.P with home remedies

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

How to control high B.P with home remedies

High vital sign could be a dangerous condition which will damage your heart. But there’s excellent news. There are variety of belongings you can do to lower your vital sign naturally, even without medication.Reduce your sodium intake.Salt intake is high round the world. In large part, this can be thanks to processed and ready foods.For this reason, many public health efforts are geared toward lowering salt within the food industry (6Trusted Source).Many studies have linked high salt intake with high pressure level and heart events, including stroke (7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source).However, newer research indicates that the link between sodium and high vital sign is a smaller amount clearDrink less alcoholDrinking alcohol can raise pressure. In fact, alcohol is linked to 16% of high pressure level cases round the world (12Trusted Source).While some research has suggested that low-to-moderate amounts of alcohol may protect the center, those benefits could also be offset by adverse effects (12Trusted Source).In the U.S., moderate alcohol consumption is defined as no quite one drink on a daily basis for ladies and two for men. If you drink quite that, cut back.Eat chocolate or cocoaHere’s a bit of recommendation you'll really dawdle.While eating massive amounts of the chocolates are probably won’t help your heart, small amounts may.That’s because chocolate and chocolate are rich in flavonoids, which are plant compounds that cause blood vessels to dilate.A review of studies found that flavonoid-rich cocoa improved several markers of heart health over the short term, including lowering pressure.Quit smokingAmong the various reasons to quit smoking is that the habit could be a strong risk factor for cardiopathy.Every puff of cigarette smoke causes a small, temporary increase in force per unit area. The chemicals in tobacco also are known to break blood vessels. Surprisingly, studies haven’t found a conclusive link between smoking and high pressure level. Perhaps this is often because smokers develop a tolerance over time.

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Published - Wed, 25 May 2022

PAXLOVID: COVID-19 ORAL ANTIVIRAL DRUG

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

PAXLOVID: COVID-19 ORAL ANTIVIRAL DRUG

In non-hospitalized high-risk adults with COVID-19, PAXLOVID was found to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death by 89 percent when compared to placebo. It's an antiviral drug that's nearly 90% effective at preventing COVID-19 infection. Only people with specific medical conditions can currently be prescribed the drug. Those who test positive for COVID-19 and are eligible for Paxlovid should request a prescription from their doctor. Paxlovid from Pfizer will be available to people who have tested positive for COVID-19 but have not yet been admitted to the hospital, as well as those who are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 and are 12 years or older (and at least 88 pounds). Your doctor will explain whether or not you are eligible for an oral antiviral and which option is best for you.Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir are the two pills that make up Paxlovid. For five days, three tablets (two nirmatrelvir tablets and one ritonavir tablet) taken orally twice daily. Nirmatrelvir prevents the virus from producing more copies of it by blocking key proteins. It's taken with ritonavir to prevent nirmatrelvir from being broken down before its finished doing its job. Antiviral pills should be taken as early as possible in the course of the disease, ideally within five days of symptom onset. Even if you're not experiencing symptoms yet, it's best to get help as soon as possible.These oral antivirals for COVID-19 have side effects, just like any other medication. They may also interact with other medications and have an impact on other health conditions, so talk to your doctor about any medications you're taking and any pre-existing conditions you have. Paxlovid's known side effects are minor, with the most common being a bitter or metallic taste in the mouth while taking the medication. Paxlovid's side effects include a loss of taste, diarrhoea, high blood pressure, and muscle aches. Paxlovid should not be used by people who have severe kidney or liver problems. Paxlovid is not approved for COVID-19 pre-exposure or post-exposure prevention, and neither can it replace vaccination. Despite the fact that this medication is available to some people, it is critical that everyone who can get vaccinated against COVID-19 do so. Vaccines are our best defence against the virus because they are safe and effective. Get vaccinated even if you've had COVID-19. Vaccine-induced immunity is stronger and lasts longer than natural immunity.

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Published - Wed, 25 May 2022

MOLNUPIRAVIR: COVID-19 ORAL ANTIVIRAL DRUG

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

MOLNUPIRAVIR: COVID-19 ORAL ANTIVIRAL DRUG

This is good news because this oral antiviral is a COVID-19 treatment option for people who are at high risk of serious illness. The Merck COVID-19 pill is an antiviral that prevents the SARS-Cov-2 virus from replicating properly, lowering viral load and reducing symptom severity. Molnupiravir will only be available with a doctor's prescription. This antiviral pill will not be available to everyone without a prescription, and the eligibility criteria for each vary. Molnupiravir from Merck will be available to people aged 18 and up who have screened positive for COVID-19 but have not yet been admitted to hospital, are at increased risk of getting severe COVID-19, and have no other FDA-approved COVID-19 treatment options available to people or that are clinically appropriate for them. Your doctor will explain whether or not you are eligible for an oral antiviral and which option is best for you. Molnupiravir should be given as soon as possible after a COVID-19 diagnosis and within five days of the onset of symptoms. It's important to remember that the pill should only be taken if you've had COVID-19 symptoms. Molnupiravir is taken orally every 12 hours for five days, with or without food, at a dose of 800 mg (four 200 mg capsules). To maximise viral clearance and minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the full five-day treatment course must be completed. There are side effects to taking this oral antiviral for COVID-19, as with most medications. They may also interact with other medications and have an impact on other health conditions, so talk to your doctor about any medications you're taking and any preexisting conditions you have. Diarrhea, dizziness, and nausea are all possible side effects of molnupiravir.  It is not recommended for use in pregnant women because it may harm the fetus. If clinically indicated, it should be determined whether a woman of childbearing potential is pregnant before starting molnupiravir treatment. Molnupiravir is not approved for COVID-19 pre- or post-exposure prevention, and it cannot be used in place of vaccination. Despite the fact that this medication is available to some people, it is critical that everyone who can get vaccinated against COVID-19 do so. We know that vaccines are safe and effective, and that they are our best protection against the virus. Get vaccinated even if you've had COVID-19. Vaccine-induced immunity is stronger and lasts longer than natural immunity. Adults who have not been vaccinated are twice as likely to become infected with COVID-19 after recovering from their illness.

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Published - Thu, 26 May 2022

COVID-19 VACCINE: CHILDREN 6 MONTHS TO UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

COVID-19 VACCINE: CHILDREN 6 MONTHS TO UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE

While Covid-19 isn't as dangerous to children as it is to adults, some children do become seriously ill or die as a result of it. Children were particularly hard hit by the omicron variant, with those under the age of five being hospitalized at higher rates than during the previous delta surge. The announcement comes after months of anxious waiting by parents who are desperate to vaccinate their infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, especially as COVID-19 cases are on the rise once more. The three-dose COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer protects young children under the age of five from symptomatic infections. The FDA is expected to make a decision on the approval of paediatric COVID-19 vaccines by July. Pfizer has had a difficult time determining its strategy. It aims to give kids a very low dose — one-tenth of what adults get — but during testing, it was discovered that two shots weren't quite strong enough for preschoolers.According to preliminary findings, the three-dose series is 80% effective in preventing symptomatic Covid-19. We've discovered that to protect older children and adults from newer variants like omicron, three doses are required. Scientists measured the children's neutralizing antibody levels as well as clinical data on infection prevention to assess the shot's efficacy. They discovered that the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy data for three doses in children matched what they saw in adults. The third dose increases antibody levels in children, providing strong clinical protection against contagious and immune-evasive Omicron variants/sub-variants. Parents have expressed dissatisfaction with the length of time it has taken for the COVID-19 vaccine to be approved for young children. However, polls show that many parents are hesitant to have their children vaccinated. According to a survey, only 18 percent of parents of children under the age of five intend to have their child vaccinated once a vaccine for that age group is approved. Parents of older children have also been slow to get their children immunized.

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Published - Thu, 26 May 2022

Increase your height with this Excercise.

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

Increase your height with this Excercise.

Be it within the marital status department or stewardess vacancies, height is a crucial think about enhancing the persona of a personal. whereas it's dead fine to be of any height – short, medium, tall – and no height is that the correct or wrong one, tons folks aren't proud of our physical look, weight or maybe height! and therefore the truth is there area unit solutions accessible all around, whereas some is also additional convenient, they're not forever possible. A well-known truth is biology confirm the peak of someone, however the reality is even physical factors like sensible exercise and therefore the right diet influence however tall you'll be able to be! an honest fitness regime helps in toning and strengthening the muscles that area unit answerable for raised height. Mostly, when the onset of pubescence, growth plates within the long bones get united, except for some height, growth takes place until the age of 22-25. therefore, continue reading to seek out out a few stretches which will add a number of inches to your height, even when you've got entered adulthood!1. Forward Bend2. elapid snake Stretch 3.Wall Stretch4. solid ground Swimming5. Forward Spine Stretch6. Pilates Roll Over7.facet Stretch

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Published - Thu, 26 May 2022

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVDs)

Created by - Dr. Prashant Raj

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVDs)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include conditions that affect the blood vessels of the heart, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other conditions that affect the heart. The burden of CVDs – A matter of concern   CVDs are the leading cause of mortality globally, claiming the lives of an estimated 17.9 million people every year. More than four out of every five CVD deaths are caused by heart attacks and strokes, with one-third of these deaths occurring before the age of 70. Abnormal heart rhythms (or arrhythmias), Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome, Congenital heart disease, Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries), Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, Heart attack, Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), Heart valve disease, Pericardial disease, Peripheral vascular disease, Rheumatic heart disease, Stroke, and Vascular disease are all examples of CVD (blood vessel disease). Cardinal signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease include:   o   Chest pain or pressure, which could indicate angina. o   Pain or discomfort in the left shoulder, radiating pain to the arm, elbows, jaw, or back o   Nausea and exhaustion o   Excessive gasping for air o   Feeling light-headed or dizzy o   Excessive sweating Risk Factors for the development of cardiovascular disease   o   Behavioral risk factors: Some of the most important behavioral risk factors for  CVD include 1.       Tobacco use 2.       An unhealthy diet 3.       Excessive alcohol consumption 4.       Inadequate physical activity o   Physiological factors: These factors are linked to underlying social determinants and drivers such as age, income, and urbanization. 1.       High blood pressure (hypertension) 2.       High blood cholesterol 3.       High blood sugar or glucose,  Tips to reduce the risk of CVD Tobacco cessation, salt reduction in the diet, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, regular physical activity, and avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption have all been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Identifying those who are most at risk for CVDs and ensuring that they receive appropriate treatment can help to prevent premature deaths. To ensure that those in need receive treatment and counseling, all primary health care facilities must have access to non-communicable disease medicines and basic health technologies.Management of CVD The treatment options for cardiovascular diseases vary depending on the condition and may includeo   Lifestyle modification: Altering aspects of your lifestyle, such as your diet, exercise, and alcohol and tobacco use.o   Medications, such as those used to treat risk factors such as high blood pressure or cholesterol, or to dissolve clots. o   Medical procedures/Interventions such as putting a balloon or stent in your artery, heart valve surgery, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

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Published - Mon, 30 May 2022

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All you need to know about Syphilis
All you need to know about Syphilis
ETIOLOGY: Syphilis is caused by T. pallidum.INCIDENCE: Each year, there are 29,000 new cases of syphilis. This figure represents probably only 10% of actual cases.CLINICAL FEATURES1. Primary syphilis: After an average incubation period of approximately 3 weeks, a smooth, painless ulcer called a chancre appears at the site of primary inoculation. The chancre heals without treatment in approximately 3 to 6 weeks; at about the same time, a painless uni- or bilateral regional adenopathy develops.2. Secondary syphilis represents disseminated disease and occurs in all patients with untreated primary infection. The lesions of secondary syphilis are papulosquamous lesions that occur over the entire trunk, extremities, penis, and buttocks. Fever and weight loss occur in 70% of patients.3. Tertiary syphilis occurs at least 10 years after the primary infection in at least 30% to 35% of untreated patients. The two most important manifestations of tertiary syphilis are cardiovascular syphilis, causing thoracic aneurysms, and neurosyphilis, causing meningitis, stroke, seizures, dementia, general weakness, and posterior column dysfunction.DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES— Chancroid— HSV type 1 infection— Lymphogranuloma venereum— Tinea, sarcoid— Lichen planus— Seborrhea dermatitis— Molluscum contagiosum— Traumatic ulcer— Furuncle— CarcinomaEVALUATION: The clinical diagnosis can be confirmed by darkfield microscopic examination or more commonly serologic testing.THERAPY1. The standard treatment for primary, secondary, and early tertiary syphilis is benzathine penicillin G (2.4 million U administered intramuscularly as a single dose).2. For late tertiary syphilis or neurosyphilis, benzathine penicillin G (2.4 million U, three doses administered intramuscularly 1 week apart) is used. Doxycycline (100 mg orally twice daily for 14 days) can be given to patients who are allergic to penicillin.DISPOSITION1. Primary and secondary syphilis can be treated on an outpatient basis.2. Patients with neurosyphilis or major cardiovascular manifestations require admission for intravenous therapy.

Tue, 15 Nov 2022

What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?
What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?
Pemphigus Vulgaris is a rare disease that affects elderly patients. The mortality rate is 10%; most deaths result from steroid complications, secondary infection, dehydration, or thromboembolism. Pemphigus Vulgaris is caused by the attachment of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to the epidermis. It has been associated with D -penicillamine and captopril administration.CLINICAL FEATURES1. Mucosal lesions and erosions are very common. Examination of all mucosal sites is warranted.2. Non-pruritic, painful, flaccid bullae appear that rupture easily. Blisters can be extended or new bullae formed by applying firm tangential pressure on the intact epidermis.3. Weakness, weight loss, and dysphagia may be presenting complaints.DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES— Erythema multiforme— Bullous impetigo— Herpes zosterEVALUATION: Biopsy of lesions shows eosinophils, intraepidermal bullae, and acantholysis. Indirect immunofluorescent staining shows immunoglobulin G antibodies. Serum titers can be followed to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.THERAPY1. Prednisone (200 to 350 mg/day) for 5 to 10 weeks is used until the cessation of new blister formation occurs. The dosage is then reduced to 40 mg on alternative days and tapered over 1 year.2. Azathioprine (100 mg/day) is added to the regimen and the dosage is reduced over a 4- to 6-month period. Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide can be used instead of azathioprine.3. Topical analgesics (e.g., viscous lidocaine) can be used to alleviate the pain associated with oral lesions.DISPOSITION: Patients with severe cases and oral lesions may require hospital admission for intravenous hydration. Others can be treated as outpatients with close follow-up.

Tue, 15 Nov 2022

Know about Scorpion Stings
Know about Scorpion Stings
Introduction: A nocturnal arachnid that lives in the Southwest of the United States is the scorpion. It has two venom glands and a stinger in its tail. The majority of species are rather benign, and they often only create a limited reaction similar to that brought on by a bee sting. The bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) venom, on the other hand, has neurotoxic that can result in a serious reaction. This dangerous scorpion is found on trees in Arizona and New Mexico.CLINICAL FEATURES1. Local effects: The C. sculpturatus scorpion bite causes immediate, excruciating pain at the stung site, as well as swelling and ultimately, numbness. The area that was hurt is extremely sensitive, and the implicated extremity could become paralyzed.2. Systemic effects: The neurotoxin is strongly cholinergic and can cause excessive salivation, blurred vision, muscular spasms, hypertension, and respiratory difficulties.DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES — Snakebite— A puncture wound or other trauma— Insect or spider bite— Drug intoxicationEVALUATION: Typically, the offending scorpion is seen or assumed by history; if safety allows the scorpion to be brought in, this is best. Due to the wide range of symptoms and quick progression, a thorough history and physical examination are necessary.THERAPY1. Pre-hospital management includes rapid transportation of the patient, application of an ice pack to the sting site, and safe transport of the scorpion for identification. When serious symptoms appear, life-saving procedures should be started.2. ED managementa) Antivenin should be administered in all cases of severe envenomation.b) Ventilatory support may be required, with intubation and oxygen for patients with severe systemic response or anaphylaxis.c) Atropine may be required to counteract the cholinergic effects; the dose is titrated to relieve the cholinergic signs.d) Benzodiazepines may be used for seizures and muscle spasms.DISPOSITION: All victims should be observed for 24 hours, especially children. Symptomatic patients should be transferred to the intensive care unit if symptoms are severe.

Sat, 12 Nov 2022

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